Fundamentals of Nursing Quiz

The S1 heart sound is best heard at the apex of the heart, at the fifth intercoastal space along the midclavicular line. (An infant's apex is located at the third or fourth intercoastal space just to the left of the midclavicular line)

Under the bill of rights law, the patient has the right to refuse treatment/life – giving measures, to the extent permitted by law, and to be informed of the medical consequences of his action.

Martha Roger's life process model views man as an evolving creature interacting with the environment in an open, adaptive manner. According to this model, the purpose of nursing is to help man achieve maximum health in his environment.

A rectal temperature is usually recommended whenever an oral temperature is contraindicated (e.g. the patient who have undergone oral or nasal surgery, infants and those who have history of seizures, etc). However, a rectal temperature is contraindicated in patients having rectal disease, rectal surgery or diarrhea)

An interviewer's question should center on the applicant's qualifications for the position. Questions about the applicant's personal life are inappropriate and may be illegal.

Objective data are those such as BP, which can be measured or perceived by someone other than the patient. Subjective data are those such as pain, which only the patient can perceive.

Flush is a sudden redness of the skin. Cyanosis is a slightly bluish, grayish skin discoloration caused by abnormal amounts or reduced hemoglobin in the blood. Jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and sclerae caused by excessive amounts of bilirubin in the blood. Pallor is an unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin indicating insufficient oxygen and excessive carbon dioxide in the blood.

Anatomic alignment prevents strain on body parts, maintains balance, and promotes physiologic functioning. To promote this position, the nurse should place the feet in dorsiflexion (at right angles to the legs).

The nasal cannula is the most comfortable method of delivering oxygen because it allows the patient to talk, eat and drink.

Increased adrenalin production in the immobile patient results in decrease peristalsis and colon motility and more tightly constricted sphincters.

Dorothea Orem's conceptual model is based on the premise that all persons need to achieve self-care. She also views the goal of nursing as helping the patient to develop self-care practices to maintain maximum wellness.

A patient with hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body) has a high risk of injury because of his altered motor and sensory function, so safety is the nurse's main priority.

Under the master servant rule (also known as the doctrine or respondeat superior), when a person is injured by an employee as a result of negligence in the course of the employee's work, the employer is responsible to the injured person.

The best site for verifying a pulse rate is the apex of the heart, where the heartbeat is measured directly.

Antiembolism stockings increase venous return to the heart, which helps prevent thromboplebitis.

Three criteria must be met to establish malpractice: a nursing error, a patient injury, and a connection between the two.

Gavage is the administration of a liquid feeding into the stomach.

Warm milk will relax the patient because it contains tryptophan, a natural sedative.

An adult's average urine output ranges between 1,500 and 2,000 ml/day.

Antiembolism stockings are elastic stockings designed to maintain compression of small veins and capillaries in the legs.

This sequence follows the anatomy of the bowel. The lobes are parts of the lung. the right and left hypochondriac and the umbilical area are three of the nine regions of the abdomen.

Postural drainage is best performed before, rather after meals to avoid tiring the patient or inducing vomiting. The patient's safety supersedes the convenience in scheduling this procedure.

According to Maslow, activity is one of the man's most basic physiologic needs, along with oxygen, shelter, food, water, erst, sleep and temperature maintenance.

Documentation should leave no room for misinterpretation. Thus, the nurse must ensure that all information pertinent to patient care is reworded accurately, concisely and thoroughly. The information must be up-to-date and well organized.

Covert communication reflects inner feelings that a person may be uncomfortable talking about. Such communication may be revealed through body language, silence, withdrawn behavior, or crying. Validation is an attempt to confirm the observer's perceptions through feedback, interpretation and clarification.