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Fundamentals of Nursing 3
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Question 1
Nurse Cathy on the other hand, knows the case immediately even before a diagnosis is done. Based on Benner’s theory she is a/an:
A
Novice
B
Expert
C
Competent
D
Advanced beginner
Question 1 Explanation:
The ability to perceive something without further evidence is the development of intuition and is seen in Expert nurses. A novice nurse is governed by rules and usually inflexible. Competent nurses are planning nursing care consciously. Advanced beginners demonstrate acceptable performance.
Question 2
In bed making the nurse flexes her knees. This posture allows the nurse to:
A
Create a wider base of support
B
Properly align the body
C
Keep a low center of gravity
D
All of the above
Question 2 Explanation:
Flexing the knees moves the body near to the gravity thereby, maintaining a stable center of gravity. A body can be properly aligned through keeping the upper body erect. To create a wider base of support the nurse should spread the feet apart.
Question 3
The nurse is conducting a health teaching on safe sex. This is an example of:
A
Primary prevention
B
Secondary prevention
C
Tertiary prevention
D
Rehabilitation
Question 3 Explanation:
Preventing or delaying the actual occurrence of a specific disease is the main goal of primary prevention. Examples include, maintaining a healthy diet, health teaching on limiting alcohol intake, safe sex.
Question 4
The Interpersonal Relationship Model was established by:
A
Faye Glenn Abdellah
B
Hildegard Peplau
C
Lydia Hall
D
Imogene King
Question 4 Explanation:
The Nurse-Patient interaction model was developed by Peplau. Abdellah is the one who grouped the 21 problem areas as a guide in promoting care to patients. Lydia Hall created the core, care cure key concepts and Imogene King devised the Open Systems Model.
Question 5
Nurse Annie observed one of the patients breathing rapidly. The respirations are deep and labored. On the pattern of respiration this is a/an:
A
Kussmaul’s respiration
B
Biot’s respiration
C
Tachypnea
D
Hyperpnea
Question 5 Explanation:
Kussmaul’s respiration is rapid, deep and labored breathing pattern. Biot’s respiration is characterized by an irregular periods of apnea in a disorganized sequence of breaths. Tachypnea is faster than 20 bpm. Hyperpnea is faster is 20 bpm associated with deep breathing.
Question 6
Running, bicycling and weight lifting are examples of:
A
Isokinetic exercises
B
Isotonic exercises
C
Anaerobic exercises
D
Isometric exercises
Question 6 Explanation:
Isotonic exercises are those that shorten muscle to produce contraction and active movements.
Question 7
Newborn screening is done to every newborn in the Philippines. This is an example of:
A
Primary prevention
B
Secondary prevention
C
Tertiary prevention
D
Rehabilitation
Question 7 Explanation:
Promotion of early detection and early treatment of the disease is under secondary prevention. Example, breast self exam, TB screening, genetic counseling.
Question 8
Jobs of health care team members require pushing, pulling, carrying and lifting during patient care activities. To prevent musculoskeletal strain and fatigue in pushing an object the nurse should:
A
Place the weight from the flexor to the extensor portions of the leg.
B
Shift weight from the extensor to the flexor portions of the leg.
C
Assume a squat position facing the object or client.
D
Wash hands after the procedure.
Question 8 Explanation:
placing the weight on the extensor portions of the leg prevents muscle strain in pushing an object. (B) This is the correct technique in pulling. (C) This is done when a person lifts/carries an object.
Question 9
Which of the following correctly describes Sim’s position?
A
A position where a client lies on the side with the weight on the hips and shoulders with pillows to support legs, arm, head and back.
B
A position contraindicated in patients with arthritis and joint deformities.
C
A position commonly used for vaginal examination.
D
A position where the client is placed on a semi-prone position on his side.
Question 9 Explanation:
This correctly describes Sim’s position. (A) In this option, a side lying position is described. (B) In arthritis and joint deformities, Knee-chest position is contraindicated. (C) In vaginal examinations dorsal recumbent and lithotomy is commonly used.
Question 10
What is done to avoid the muscle strain during lifting?
A
Pushing the object rather than lifting it
B
Pulling the object rather than lifting it
C
Turning the object rather than lifting it
D
All of the above
Question 10 Explanation:
It is easier to pull, roll, push, turn, lever and pivot that it is to lift something.
Question 11
The client’ body temperature is 109.8 degree Fahrenheit. The equivalent of this value in Celsius is:
A
40 degree Celsius
B
38.9 degree Celsius
C
43 degree Celsius
D
42.3 degree Celsius
Question 11 Explanation:
Formula F – 32 / 1.8 = degree Celsius
Thus, 109.8 – 32 = 77.8 / 1.8 = 43.2 C or 43 Celsius
Question 12
Goal Attainment theory was established by:
A
Faye Glenn Abdellah
B
Hildegard Peplau
C
Lydia Hall
D
Imogene King
Question 12 Explanation:
Key concepts of goal attainment were designed by Imogene King. The Nurse-Patient interaction model was developed by Peplau. Abdellah is the one who grouped the 21 problem areas as a guide in promoting care to patients. Lydia Hall created the core, care cure key concepts.
Question 13
The “Founder of PNA and Dean of Philippine Nursing” that was awarded by the PNA in 1981 is:
A
Anna Dahlgen
B
Anastacia Giron-Tupas
C
Florence Nightingale
D
Rosario Montenegro
Question 13 Explanation:
Anastacia Giron-Tupas is also regarded as the “dean and pioneer of Philippine nursing.” Anna Dahlgen was the first board topnotcher with 93.5%. Florence Nightingale is the “Lady with the Lamp.” Rosario Montenegro was the first President of FNA.
Question 14
The first primary focus of Rehabilitation is:
A
Improved ADL performance
B
Preventing the actual occurrence of the disease
C
Optimal functioning
D
Early detection of the disease
Question 14 Explanation:
The main focus in rehabilitation is improving the activities of daily living of a person. Letter B is the goal of Primary prevention, while optimal functioning (C) is the second primary focus of rehabilitation. Letter D is goal of secondary prevention.
Question 15
During physical assessment, the nurse closes and door and provides drape to promote privacy. The nurse is performing her role as a/an:
A
Advocate
B
Communicator
C
Change agent
D
Caregiver
Question 15 Explanation:
The role of a nurse as caregiver helps client promote, restore and maintain dignity, health and wellness by viewing a person holistically. As an advocate the nurse intercedes or works on behalf of the client. Identifying the need and problems of the client and communicating it to other members of the health team is doing the role of a communicator. As a change agent, the nurse assists the client to MODIFY their BEHAVIOR.
Question 16
Student Nurse Jenna is reviewing about the roles and responsibilities of a nurse. The following portrays the role of a nurse advocate as an advocate except:
A
Informs the client about the progress of his condition
B
Evaluate the client’s learning needs and his/her readiness to learn
C
Allow the client to actively participate in his/her care
D
Communicate the needs of the client
Question 16 Explanation:
This is a nurse’s role as an educator or teacher. The rest are promoting advocacy.
Question 17
During the nursing rounds Nurse Cathy is instructing the patient to avoid smoking to prevent the worsening of respiratory problems. The patient asked about the things that he can do when feelings of wanting to smoke arises. The nurse enumerates ways of dealing the situation. This is an example of a nurse’s role as a/an:
A
Advocate
B
Clinician
C
Change agent
D
Caregiver
Question 17 Explanation:
As a change agent, the nurse assists the client to MODIFY their BEHAVIOR. As an advocate the nurse intercedes or works on behalf of the client. As a clinician, the nurse would use technical expertise to administer nursing care. The role of a nurse as caregiver helps client promote, restore and maintain dignity, health and wellness by viewing a person holistically.
Question 18
“Nursing is assisting the individual to perform activities that contributes to his health or recovery by helping him gain independence.” This is stated by which nursing theorists?
A
Dorothy Johnson
B
Faye Glenn Abdellag
C
Virginia Henderson
D
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
Question 18 Explanation:
Virginia Henderson promotes the principle of gaining patient independence and enumerated the 14 basic components of basic nursing care. Parse defined nursing as a scientific discipline of performing art. Dorothy Johnson defined nursing as having the main goal of fostering equilibrium within the individual. Abdellah is the one who grouped the 21 problem areas as a guide in promoting care to patients.
Question 19
One of Nurse Cathy’s co-workers is Annie who is flexible in any given situation. Annie is performing her duties well without supervision but still needs more experience and practice to develop a consciously planned nursing care. According to Patricia Benner’s category in specialization in nursing, Annie is a/an:
A
Novice
B
Expert
C
Competent
D
Advanced beginner
Question 19 Explanation:
A- Novice is governed by rules and usually inflexible.
B- Expert nurses have intuitive grasp on the situation dealt.
C- Competent nurses are planning nursing care consciously.
D- Advanced beginners demonstrate acceptable performance.
Question 20
The clinical instructor is discussing about the Nursing Process. She mentioned that when a cluster of actual or high-risk diagnosis are present because of a certain situation it is called:
A
Wellness nursing diagnosis
B
Actual nursing diagnosis
C
Syndrome nursing diagnosis
D
Risk nursing diagnosis
Question 20 Explanation:
Presence of both actual and high-risk diagnosis is called a syndrome nursing diagnosis. Wellness nursing diagnosis focuses on the clinical judgment on an individual from a specific to higher level of wellness. Actual diagnoses are clinical judgment of the nurse that is validated. A risk diagnosis is based on the clinical are based on clinical judgment that the client may develop vulnerability to the problem.
Question 21
Which body systems coordinated to promote a correct body mechanics?
A
Reproductive and lymphatic system
B
Musculoskeletal and integumentary system
C
Musculoskeletal and nervous system
D
Lymphatic and Gastrointestinal system
Question 21 Explanation:
Correct body mechanics is the utilization of proper body movement and a result of the coordination of musculoskeletal and nervous systems in maintaining balance, posture, body alignment during activity performance.
Question 22
Nursing is called a profession because:
A
It has a code of ethics for practice.
B
Nurses independence in decision-making.
C
Research orientation was established and continuously developing for practice and theory.
D
All of the above
Question 22 Explanation:
The following are the criteria of a profession:
Extended education
Has a theoretical body of knowledge and expertise leading to defined skills, abilities and norms.
Provides a specific service.
Members have autonomy in decision making
Has a code of ethics for practice
Research orientation for continuous evolution of practice and theories.
Question 23
During a health teaching session the nurse discussed about the importance of exercises. Exercises that changes the muscle tension but causes no change in the muscle length are called:
A
Isokinetic exercises
B
Isotonic exercises
C
Anaerobic exercises
D
Isometric exercises
Question 23 Explanation:
Isometric or static exercises cause changes in the muscle tension but cause no change in the muscle length. Examples are isometric push-up and pushing or pulling against an immovable object.
Question 24
Heat production is affected by:
A
Parasympathetic stimulation
B
Amylase output
C
Individual’s position
D
Muscular activity
Question 24 Explanation:
The factors that affect heat production are basal metabolic rate, muscular activity, sympathetic stimulation, thyroxine output and fever.
Question 25
The nurse’s week falls on:
A
Every last week of October
B
Every last week of September
C
Every first week of September
D
Every first week of October
Question 25 Explanation:
Every lat week of October is the “Nurse’s week” which is proclaimed by President Carlos P. Garcia (Presidential Proclamation 539) in October 17, 1958.
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Daisy Jane Antipuesto RN MN
Currently a Nursing Local Board Examination Reviewer. Subjects handled are Pediatric, Obstetric and Psychiatric Nursing.
Previous work experiences include: Clinical instructor/lecturer, clinical coordinator (Level II), caregiver instructor/lecturer, NC2 examination reviewer and staff/clinic nurse.
Areas of specialization: Emergency room, Orthopedic Ward and Delivery Room. Also an IELTS passer.
