Complete Blood Count (CBC) Normal Values and Nursing Considerations
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- It is a basic screening test and is one of the most frequently ordered laboratory procedures.
- The findings in the CBC give valuable diagnostic information about the hematologic and other body systems, prognosis, response to treatment, and recovery.
- The CBC consists of a series of tests that determine the number, variety, percentage, concentration and quality of blood cells.
Tests
- White blood cell count (WBC): presence of infection
- Differential white blood cell count: specific patterns of WBC
- Red blood cell count (RBC): carries oxygen and carbon dioxide from lungs to tissue and vice versa
- Hematocrit (Hct): measures RBC mass
- Hemoglobin (Hgb): main component of RBC
- Red blood cell indices: calculated values of size and Hgb content of RBCs, important in anemia evaluation
- Platelet count: necessary for clotting and control of bleeding
- Red blood cell distribution width (RDW): indicates degree variability and abnormal cell size
- Mean platelet volume (MPV): index of platelet production
Normal Values in Adults
WBC: 5.0 – 10.0 x 103/mm3
RBC: 4.0 – 5.5 x 106/mm3
Hgb: 12.0 – 17.4 g/dL
Hct: 36 – 52%
Platelet: 140 – 400 x 103/mm3
RDW: 11.5 – 14.5%
MPV: 7.4 – 10.4 fL
Nursing Considerations
- Explain test procedure. Explain that slight discomfort may be felt when the skin is punctured.
- Encourage to avoid stress if possible because altered physiologic status influences and changes normal hematologic values.
- Explain that fasting is not necessary. However, fatty meals may alter some test results as a result of lipidemia.
- Apply manual pressure and dressings over puncture site on removal of dinner.
- Monitor the puncture site for oozing or hematoma formation.
- Instruct to resume normal activities and diet.
Daisy Jane Antipuesto RN MN
Currently a Nursing Local Board Examination Reviewer. Subjects handled are Pediatric, Obstetric and Psychiatric Nursing. Previous work experiences include: Clinical instructor/lecturer, clinical coordinator (Level II), caregiver instructor/lecturer, NC2 examination reviewer and staff/clinic nurse. Areas of specialization: Emergency room, Orthopedic Ward and Delivery Room. Also an IELTS passer.
