Poliomyelitis

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DEFINITION:

- is an acute infectious disease caused by any of the three types of Poliomyelitis virus which affects chiefly the anterior horn cells of the Spinal cord and the medulla, cerebellum and midbrain.

- Characterized by two febrile episodes, a minor and major illness separated by a remission of one or two days followed by varying degrees of muscle weakness or occasionally a progressive Paralysis that ends fatally.

SYNONYMS:

Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis; Heine-Medin Disease: Infantile Paralysis.

ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY:

- the causative virus is poliovirus (Legio Debilitants)

- there are 3 distinct serelogic types of poliovirus (with no cross Immunity)

1) Type I – is the most paralytogenic or the most frequent cause of Paralytic poliomyelitis, both epidemic and endemic.

2) Type II – the next most frequent.

3) Type III – the least frequently associated with paralytic disease.

Types of Poliomyelitis

1) Spinal

Ø Cervical

Ø Thoracic

Ø Lumbar

2) Bulbar

Ø Cranial nerves

Ø Circular System

Ø Respiratory System

3) Bulbo-spinal

4) Polioencephalitis

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