Nursing Board Exam Reviewer Part 5 of 5

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401. Which of the following terms is used to describe rapid, jerky, involuntary, purposeless movements of the extremities?

a) Chorea
Choreiform movements, such as grimacing, may also be observed in the face.

b) Bradykinesia
Bradykinesia refers to very slow voluntary movements and speech.

c) Dyskinesia
Dyskinesia refers to impaired ability to execute voluntary movements.

d) Spondylosis
Spondylosis refers to degenerative arthritis of the cervical or lumbar vertebrae.

402. Which of the phases of a migraine headache usually lasts less than an hour?

a) Aura
The aura phase occurs in about 20% of patients who have migraines and may be characterized by focal neurological symptoms.

b) Prodrome
The prodrome phase occurs hours to days before a migraine headache.

c) Headache
The headache phase lasts from 4 to 72 hours.

d) Recovery
During the post-headache phase, patients may sleep for extended periods.

403. The most common type of brain neoplasm is the

a) glioma.
Gliomas are the most common brain neoplasms, accounting for about 45% of all brain tumors.

b) angioma.
Angiomas account for approximately 4% of brain tumors.

c) meningioma.
Meningiomas account for 15-20% of all brain tumors.

d) neuroma.
Neuromas account for 7% of all brain tumors.

404. Which of the following diseases is a chronic, degenerative, progressive disease of the central nervous system characterized by the occurrence of small patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord?

a) Multiple sclerosis
The cause of MS is not known and the disease affects twice as many women as men.

b) Parkinson’s disease
Parkinson’s disease is associated with decreased levels of dopamine caused by destruction of pigmented neuronal cells in the substantia nigra in the basal ganglia of the brain.

c) Huntington’s disease
Huntington’s disease is a chronic, progressive, hereditary disease of the nervous system that results in progressive involuntary dance-like movement and dementia.

d) Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s disease is a rare, transmissible, progressive fatal disease of the central nervous system characterized by spongiform degeneration of the gray matter of the brain.

405. Which of the following diseases is associated with decreased levels of dopamine due to destruction of pigmented neuronal cells in the substantia nigra in the basal ganglia of the brain?

a) Parkinson’s disease
In some patients, Parkinson’s disease can be controlled; however, it cannot be cured.

b) Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, degenerative, progressive disease of the CNS characterized by the occurrence of small patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord.

c) Huntington’s disease
Huntington’s disease is a chronic, progressive, hereditary disease of the nervous system that results in progressive involuntary dance-like movement and dementia.

d) Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s disease is a rare, transmissible, progressive fatal disease of the central nervous system characterized by spongiform degeneration of the gray matter of the brain.

406. Which of the following diseases is a chronic, progressive, hereditary disease of the nervous system that results in progressive involuntary dance-like movement and dementia?

a) Huntington’s disease
Because it is transmitted as an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, each child of a parent with HD has a 50% risk of inheriting the illness.

b) Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, degenerative, progressive disease of the CNS characterized by the occurrence of small patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord.

c) Parkinson’s disease
Parkinson’s disease is associated with decreased levels of dopamine due to destruction of pigmented neuronal cells in the substantia nigra in the basal ganglia of the brain.

d) Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s disease is a rare, transmissible, progressive fatal disease of the central nervous system characterized by spongiform degeneration of the gray matter of the brain.

407. Which of the following diseases is a rare, transmissible, progressive fatal disease of the central nervous system characterized by spongiform degeneration of the gray matter of the brain?

a) Creutzfeldt-Jakob’s disease
The disease causes severe dementia and myoclonus.

b) Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, degenerative, progressive disease of the CNS characterized by the occurrence of small patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord.

c) Parkinson’s disease
Parkinson’s disease is associated with decreased levels of dopamine due to destruction of pigmented neuronal cells in the substantia nigra in the basal ganglia of the brain.

d) Huntington’s disease
Huntington’s disease is a chronic, progressive, hereditary disease of the nervous system that results in progressive involuntary dance-like movement and dementia.

408. Bell’s palsy is a disorder of which cranial nerve?

a) Facial (VII)
Bell’s palsy is characterized by facial dysfunction, weakness, and paralysis

b) Trigeminal (V)
Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder of the trigeminal nerve and causes facial pain.

c) Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Meniere’s syndrome is a disorder of the vestibulocochlear nerve.

d) Vagus (X)
Guillain-Barre syndrome is a disorder of the vagus nerve.

409. The most common cause of acute encephalitis in the United States is

a) Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV).
Viral infection is the most common cause of encephalitis. HSV is the most common cause of acute encephalitis in the U.S.

b) Cryptococcus neoformans.
C. neoformans is one of several fungi that may cause fungal encephalitis. Fungal infections of the central nervous system occur rarely in healthy people.

c) Western equine bacteria.
The Western equine encephalitis virus is one of four types of arboviral encephalitis that occur in North America.

d) Candida albicans.
C. albicans is one of several fungi that may cause fungal encephalitis. Fungal infections of the central nervous system occur rarely in healthy people.

410. Which of the following reflects basic nursing measures in the care of the patient with viral encephalitis?

a) Providing comfort measures
Providing comfort measures directed at the headache, include dimmed lights, limited noise, and analgesics are the basic nursing measures in the care of the patient with a viral encephalitis.

b) Administering narcotic analgesics
Narcotic analgesics may mask neurologic symptoms; therefore, they are used cautiously.

c) Administering amphotericin B.
With viral encephalitis, acyclovir therapy is commonly prescribed; Amphotericin B is used in the treatment of fungal encephalitis.

d) Monitoring cardiac output
Nursing management of the patient with viral encephalitis includes monitoring of blood chemistry test results and urinary output to alert the nurse to the presence of renal complications related to acyclovir therapy.

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