Nursing Board Exam Reviewer Part 1 of 5

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91. According to the American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status Classification System, a patient with severe systemic disease that is not incapacitating is noted to have physical status classification

a)      P3
Classification P3 patients are those who have compensated heart failure, cirrhosis, or poorly controlled diabetes, for example.

b)      P4
Classification P4 patients have an incapacitating systemic disease that is a constant threat to life.

c)      P1
Classification P1 refers to a normal healthy patient

d)      P2
Classification P2 reflects a patient with mild systemic disease

92. Which stage of anesthesia is termed surgical anesthesia?

a)      III
With proper administration of the anesthetic, this stage may be maintained for hours.

b)      I
Stage I is beginning anesthesia, as the patient breathes in the anesthetic mixture and experiences warmth, dizziness, and a feeling of detachment.

c)      II
Stage II is the excitement stage, which may be characterized by struggling, singing, laughing, or crying.

d)      IV
Stage IV is a stage of medullary depression and is reached when too much anesthesia has been administered.

93. Fentanyl (Sublimaze) is categorized as which type of intravenous anesthetic agent?

a)      Neuroleptanalgesic
Fentanyl is 75-100 times more potent than morphine and has about 25% of the duration of morphine (IV).

b)      Tranquilizer
Examples of tranquilizers include midazolam (Versed) and diazepam (Valium).

c)      Opioid
Opioids include morphine and meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol).

d)      Dissociative agent
Ketamine is a dissociative agent.

94. Which of the following manifestations is often the earliest sign of malignant hyperthermia?

a)      Tachycardia (heart rate above 150 beats per minute)
Tachycardia is often the earliest sign of malignant hyperthermia.

b)      Hypotension
Hypotension is a later sign of malignant hyperthermia.

c)      Elevated temperature
The rise in temperature is actually a late sign that develops rapidly.

d)      Oliguria
Scant urinary output is a later sign of malignant hyperthermia.

95. Which of the following terms is used to refer to protrusion of abdominal organs through the surgical incision?

a)      Evisceration
Evisceration is a surgical emergency.

b)      Hernia
A hernia is a weakness in the abdominal wall.

c)      Dehiscence
Dehiscence refers to partial or complete separation of wound edges.

d)      Erythema
Erythema refers to redness of tissue.

96. When the method of wound healing is one in which wound edges are not surgically approximated and integumentary continuity is restored by granulations, the wound healing is termed

a)      second intention healing.
When wounds dehisce, they will be allowed to heal by secondary intention.

b)      primary intention healing.
Primary or first intention healing is the method of healing in which wound edges are surgically approximated and integumentary continuity is restored without granulating.

c)      first intention healing.
Primary or first intention healing is the method of healing in which wound edges are surgically approximated and integumentary continuity is restored without granulating.

d)      third intention healing.
Third intention healing is a method of healing in which surgical approximation of wound edges is delayed and integumentary continuity is restored by bringing apposing granulations together.

97. The nurse recognizes which of the following signs as typical of the patient in shock?

a)      Rapid, weak, thready pulse
Pulse increases as the body tries to compensate.

b)      Flushed face
Pallor is an indicator of shock.

c)      Warm, dry skin
Skin is generally cool and moist in shock.

d)      Increased urine output
Usually, a low blood pressure and concentrated urine are observed in the patient in shock.

98. When the nurse observes that the postoperative patient demonstrates a constant low level of oxygen saturation, although the patient’s breathing appears normal, the nurse identifies that the patient may be suffering which type of hypoxemia?

a)      Subacute
Supplemental oxygen may be indicated.

b)      Hypoxic
Hypoxic hypoxemia results from inadequate breathing.

c)      Episodic
Episodic hypoxemia develops suddenly, and the patient may be at risk for myocardial ischemia, cerebral dysfunction, and cardiac arrest.

d)      Anemic
Anemic hypoxemia results from blood loss during surgery.

99. When the surgeon performs an appendectomy, the nurse recognizes that the surgical category will be identified as

a)      clean contaminated.
Clean-contaminated cases are those with a potential, limited source for infection, the exposure to which, to a large extent, can be controlled.

b)      clean.
Clean cases are those with no apparent source of potential infection.

c)      contaminated.
Contaminated cases are those that contain an open and obvious source of potential infection.

d)      dirty.
A traumatic wound with foreign bodies, fecal contamination, or purulent drainage would be considered a dirty case.

100. Which of the following terms is used to describe inability to breathe easily except in an upright position?

a)      Orthopnea
Patients with orthopnea are placed in a high Fowler’s position to facilitate breathing.

b)      Dyspnea
Dyspnea refers to labored breathing or shortness of breath.

c)      Hemoptysis
Hemoptysis refers to expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract.

d)      Hypoxemia
Hypoxemia refers to low oxygen levels in the blood.

Source : Smeltzer and Bare/ Brunner and Suddarth CD

 

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