Pathophysiology of Deep Vein Thrombosis

Posted by: Frances Quino, RN

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a condition wherein a blood clot or thrombus is formed in a deep vein. It can also be called venous thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, phlebothrombosis. The body is composed of superficial veins, deep veins and perforating veins. Perforating veins are the kind of veins that permit one – way flow of blood [...]

Pathophysiology, Disease and Etiology

Posted by: Daisy Jane, RN, MN

Overview Before discussing about the specifics of a certain disease, its causes and its signs and symptoms, it is essential to establish core fundamentals on pathophysiology, disease and etiology. These provide the context in which all the subsequent information from different publications is presented. Aside from that, it introduces some essential terminology that is widely [...]

Pathophysiology of Cell Injury

Posted by: Daisy Jane, RN, MN

CAUSES OF CELL INJURY Causes of cell injury are summarized into three components. Injury of the cell occurs as a result of: A DEFICIENCY of substances that are vital to the cell A presence of substances that inhibit with cell function. This is noted in cases of POISONING or INTOXICATION The loss of the cell’s [...]

Turner Syndrome

Posted by: Daisy Jane, RN, MN

Definition Turner syndrome or Ullrich-Turner syndrome is a chromosomal inability where one or all parts of a sex chromosome are absent. It is also called Gonadal dysgenesis. This abnormality is a genetic disorder that affects a girl’s development. Frequency Affects about 1 in every 2500 live-born girls worldwide Turner syndrome only occur in females Turner [...]

Thalassemias

Posted by: Daisy Jane, RN, MN

Thalassemias Definition Thalassemia is a group of inherited disorders which is associated with hemoglobin defects. The disorder results in excessive destruction of red blood cells leading to anemia. Types of Thalassemia There are two main types of Thalassemia based on the chain of hemoglobin it affects. These are the following: Beta Thalassemia or Cooley’s anemia [...]

Hypocalcemia in Newborns

Posted by: Daisy Jane, RN, MN

Hypocalcemia in Newborns Definition Hypocalcemia is a disorder where there is a lowered blood calcium levels in newborns. It is defined as a total serum calcium concentration of less than 7 mg/dl. It is divided into early onset which occurs in the first 72 hours of life and late onset at about 5 to 10 [...]

Hypoparathyroidism

Posted by: Daisy Jane, RN, MN

Hypoparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism is a condition where a marked decrease, reduction or diminished secretion of parathyroid hormones is noted. This disorder occurs less frequently than hyperparathyroidism. A genetic factor is sometimes involved in the occurrence of this disorder where the kidneys develop insensitivity to parathyroid hormones leading to a condition known as pseudohypoparathyroidism (HPH). Parathyroid glands [...]

Increased Intracranial Pressure

Posted by: Daisy Jane, RN, MN

Increased Intracranial Pressure Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure in the skull that results from the volume of three essential components: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), intracranial blood volume and central nervous system tissue. The normal intracranial pressure is between 5-15 mmHg. This is slightly lower than the mean systemic arterial pressure but considerably higher than venous [...]

Pathoyphysiology of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH)

Posted by: Lhynnelli, RN

Preeclampsia is a characterized, by vsospasms, changes in the coagulation system, and disturbances in systems related to volume and BP control. Vasospasms results from an increased sensitivity to circulating pressors, such as angiotensin II, and possibly an imbalance between the prostaglandins prostacyclin and thromboxane A1. Endothelial cell dysfunction, believed to result from decreased placental perfusion, [...]

Pathophysiology of Dementia

Posted by: Lhynnelli, RN

Primary Dementia Primary dementias are degenerative disorders that are progressive, irreversible, and not due to any other condition. Specific disorders are dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT) and vascular dementia (formerly multi-infarct dementia). Dementia of Alzheimer’s type demonstrates progression of symptoms from the initial stage, which is characterized by mild cognitive deficits in the area [...]