Ovarian Cancer

Is a common gynecologic malignancy that carries a high mortality because it is not usually diagnosed until well advanced.
Its exact cause is unknown, about 10% of cases are associated with family history of breast, endometrial, colon, or ovarian cancer.
High fat diet, smoking, alcohol, environmental toxins; patient history of breast, colon, or endometrial cancer, and [...]

Cervical Cancer

Is a common gynecologic malignancy.
Most commonly occurs in women age 35 to 55.
Major risk factors include early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, and history of sexually transmitted diseases especially human papilloma virus and herpes simplex virus.
Cervical cancer may involve the bladder, rectum, and may metastasize to the lungs, mediastinum, bones, and liver.
Types of cervical [...]

Oligohydramnios

Severe reduction of amniotic fluid volume (typically less than 500 ml at term); highly concentrated urine.
Possibility of prolonged, dysfunctional labor (usually beginning before term).
Fetal risk: renal anomalies, pulmonary hyperplasia, hypoxia, increased skeletal deformities, and wrinkled, leathery skin.

Causes

Exact cause is unknown.
Any condition that prevents the fetus from making urine or that blocks urine from going into [...]

Pregnancy Complications

Complications of pregnancy are the symptoms and problems that are associated with pregnancy. There are both routine problems and serious, even potentially fatal problems. The routine problems are normal complications, and pose no significant danger to either the woman or the fetus. Serious problems can cause both maternal death and fetal death if untreated.
A. Abortion

expulsion [...]

Placenta Previa

Placenta Previa is the development of the placenta in the lower uterine segment, partially or completely covering the internal cervical os.
Types of Placenta Previa:

Complete or Total Placenta Previa – the placenta completely covers the internal os when the cervix is fully dilated.
Partial Placenta Previa – the placenta partially covers the internal os.
Marginal Placenta Previa – [...]

Types of Abortion

An abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo, resulting in or caused by its death.
Causes of Abortion
Abortion may be occur due to various factors such as fetal, placental, or maternal.

Fetal Causes – The most common cause of early spontaneous abortion is abnormal [...]

How to Perform a Self-Breast Examination

Breast self-examination (BSE) is a method of finding abnormalities of the breast, for early detection of breast cancer. The method involves the woman herself looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps, distortions or swelling.
BSE was once promoted heavily as a means of finding cancer at a more curable stage, but randomized controlled studies [...]

Polyhydramnios

Abnormally large amount of amniotic fluid in the uterus.
Normal range from 500 to 1,000 ml at term; typically greater than 2,000 ml in polyhydramnios at 40 weeks’ gestation.
Also called hydramnios.
Possible complications: prolapsed umbilical cord when membranes rupture, increased incidence of malpresentations, increased perinatal mortality from fetal malformations and [...]

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Developmental anomaly of the placenta that converts the chorionic villi into a mass of clear fluid-filled vesicles.
Two types of moles:

a. Complete moles – neither an embryo nor an amniotic sac. It is characterized by swelling and cystic formation of all trophoblastic cells. No fetal blood is present. If an embryo did [...]

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Is a rare, potentially life threatening condition caused by a bacterial toxin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus in the blood stream.
The cause is uncertain, but 70% of cases are associated with menstruation and tampon use.
Research suggests that magnesium-absorbing fibers in tampons may lower magnesium levels in the body, thereby providing ideal conditions for [...]