Placenta Previa Case Study

Introduction:
The placenta is implanted in the lower uterine segment near or over the internal cervical os. The degree to which the internal cervical os is covered by the placenta has been used to classify four types of placenta previa; total, partial, marginal and low–lying. In total previa the internal os is entirely covered by the [...]

Pregnancy Induce Hypertension Case Study

Introduction:
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) is a condition in which vasospasms occur during pregnancy in both small and large arteries. Signs of hypertension, proteinuria, and edema develop. It is unique to pregnancy and occurs in 5% to 7% of pregnancies in the united states. Despite years of research, the cause of the disorder is still unknown. [...]

Dementia Case Study

Introduction:
Dementia is an acquired syndrome that causes progressive loss of intellectual abilities, such as memory, as well as aphasia, apraxia, and loss of executive function. Dementing disorders are characterized by gradual onset plus continuing cognitive decline that is not due to other brain disease. Screening tests can identify persons who should be referred for a [...]

Appendicitis Case Study

Introduction
The appendix is a small fingerlike appendage about 10 cm (4 in) long, attached to the cecum just below the ileocecal valve. No definite functions can be assigned to it in humans. The appendix fills with food and empties as regularly as does the cecum, of which it is small, so that it is [...]

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) Case Study

INTRODUCTION:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. This newest definition COPD, provided by the Global Initiative for Chrnonic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), is a broad description that better explains this disorder and its signs and symptoms (GOLD, World Health Organization [WHO] & National [...]

Leukemia Case Study

Introduction
Leukemias are cancers of the blood-forming tissues. White blood cells may be produced in excessive amounts and are unable to work properly which weakens the immune system.
The blood is made up of fluid called plasma and three types of cells and each type has special functions. White blood cells (also called WBCs or leukocytes) help [...]

Schizophrenia Case Study

INTRODUCTION:
Schizophrenia is an extremely complex mental disorder: in fact it is probably many illnesses masquerading as one. A biochemical imbalance in the brain is believed to cause symptoms. Recent research reveals that schizophrenia may be a result of faulty neuronal development in the fetal brain, which develops into full-blown illness in late adolescence or [...]

Asthma Case Study

INTRODUCTION:
Asthma is a chronic, reversible, obstructive airway disease, characterized by wheezing. It is caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes, or the swelling of the bronchial mucosa, after exposure to various stimuli.
Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood. Most children experience their first symptoms by 5 years of age.
ETIOLOGY:
Asthma commonly results from [...]

Liver Cirrhosis Case Study

INTRODUCTION:

Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic disease that causes cell destruction and fibrosis (scarring) of hepatic tissue. Fibrosis alters normal liver structure and vasculature, impairing blood and lymph flow and resulting in hepatic insufficiency and hypertension in the portal vein. Complications include hyponatremia, water retention, bleeding esophageal varices. Coagulopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatic [...]

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) Case Study

INTRODUCTION
Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by slow- growing bacteria that resembles a fungus, Myobacterium tuberculosis, which is usually spread from person to person by droplet nuclei through the air. The lung is the usual infection site but the disease can occur elsewhere in the body. Typically, the bacteria from lesion (tubercle) in [...]